Milking-machine.



C. H. JUDSON. MLKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1, 1912.

1,660,26 l Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

3 MEETS-Bamm.

0. H, JUDSON. MILKING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1, 1912..

PatentedApr. 29, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. H. JUD'SDN.

MILKING MACHINE.

.'.BPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1, 1912.

1,069,26 1 Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

/VH @215W un L. 60 5g CHAMPION JUDSON, 0F DOBBS FERRY, NEW YORK.

MILKING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 29,1913.

Application filed August 1, 1912. Serial No. 712,674.

To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, CHAMPION H. JUDsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Dobbs Ferry, county of Test` chester, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in` lVlilking-lllachines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to. mechanical mille ing machines and actuating devices for use in connection therewith:

My design has been to produce a machine which shall approximate as closely as possible the effect of hand-milking, but which shall be power actuated and automatic. My device is of the pneumatic pressure-operated type, in which the pressure of the air never falls below atmospheriqthe functioning of the machine being caused by an automatic valve which causes pulsations 0f pressure in the milking apparatus.

My invention resides not only in the novel milking device, but also in the valve mechanism for operating it.

In the accompanying drawings which form a'part`of this specification, Figure 1 is a top view of acomplete milking apparatus; Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view through Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view showing bayonet joint means for locking the cover carrying the milking device to the milk pail; Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the milking device and its associated parts; Fig. 5 is a similar fragmentary view showing the effect of in-y troducing air pressure; Fig. 6 is a top view of Fig. 4, parts being broken away; Figs.

7, S, 9, 10 and 11 are longitudinal sectional views of my improved valve structure in successive positions during a cycle of operations; Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional View on line XII-XII of Fig. 7; Fig. 13 illustrates the machine attached in position ready for use; Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification; Fig. 15 isa transverse sectional view of Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional view of a modified form of the milking device; Fig. 17 is a similar View showing successive positions of the parts produced by` introduction of air pressure; Fig. 18 is a top view of Fig. 1G,

' parts being broken away; Fig. 19 Ais a longisectional View of a further modifi? cation of the valve structure; Fig. 20 is a transverse sectional view ofthe same' on line XX-XX of Fig. 19; Figs. 21 and 22 showsuccessive positions of the same structure; Figs. 23, 24 and 25 illustrate a further modilication of the valve in its successive positions, and Fig. 26 is a view similar to Fig. 7 showing a modilication.

- Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral 1 designates a milk pail having a cover 2 secured thereto-by means of a bayonet joint comprising the pins 3 secured to the pail entering slots 4 in the flange 5 of the cover. A rubber washer or gasket G insures ay tightly sealed joint between the cover and pail. Mounted in a frame 7 afixed to the cover are four milking units or teat cups S mounted on slides 9, the sides of which engage the slots in the frame 7 and are guided thereby in close contact with the topof the cover, which is pierced with a corresponding plurality of holes 10, each of which is sufficiently larger than the milking unit to provide for adjustment, the slides 9 being of such size that they always completely cover these openings no matter in what position the milking unit may be. Connecting each unit with a central air box 11 is a valve 12 having one end threaded at 13 to enter a correspondingly threaded opening in the air box. Adjustment is provided by altering the relative positions of these threaded parts, so .that the milking unit is forced closer to or farther away from the air box. The holes for the reception of the threaded portions of the valves are offset from the center lines of the air box, as shown in Fig. 1, so that amaximum degree of adjustment may be obtained without interference of one unit with an adjacent unit.v A pipe 14 leads from the central air box to any suitable source of air pressure 15. Each milking unit consists of a' conical or slightly tapered ring `16 of substantially non-elastic material, such for instance as aluminum. Secured to the top of this ring at 17, and at the bottom at 18, and looped about it, is a shield member 19 of soft pliable material, such as cloth fabric, which normally has substantially the coniguration shown in Fig. 14. Between this shield and the ring is a set of four strips 2O of elastic but rigid material, such as Celluloid. Each strip is secured to the outer ring at 18.'

the description of the operation of themdevice found below. In the ailrnnla-r space bestrips.

tween the ring and strips is an extensible.

air chamber 21 preferably formed of rubber and normally assuming the position lshown in Fig. 4. This air chamber is annular in form and lits snugly between the ring and It is air tight but communicates with the valve v12 through the nipple 22,

this joint being also necessarily air tight.

When air pressure is introduced into the air chamber through the valve 12, the parts will tend to assume the position shown inv Fig. 5.. The air chamber is distended, and as expansion outwardly isprevented by the outer ring 16, its extension must be either vertical or radially. inward. As -the pres- `sure begins to rise the chamber exerts an inward pressure at the upper part of the action will result which closely approximates the eifect of hand-milking, owing to the downward progress of the constriction of the ring.

Referring now particularly to Figs'. 7, 8, 9,v 10, 11 and 12, the construction and operation of the valve mechanism' will be described: The valve comprises a barrel or cylinder 23, one end, as already described, being externally threaded at 13. The opposite end is internally threaded at 24 to receive a fixed head'Q through which passes the hole 26 communicating with the air chamber in the milking unit. lVVithinthe cylinder are two hollow pistons, a primary piston 27 and a secondary piston 28, both of which tit closely within the cylinder walls. The primary piston has a head 29, but the secondary piston is open at both ends, being in 'etl'ect merely a ring.. The end of the cylinder is slightly offset at 30 to prevent the primary piston `from leaving the cylinder at that end. The head 29 is tapped with a hole 31 and a valve 32 pivoted to the head at 33 controls the effective size of this opening. A spring 34 is supported upon the stationary pin 35 affixed to a skeleton frame 36, which in turn is secured tothe head 25. One end of this spring bears against the inner wall of the head v29, and normallyvforces the primary piston into the extreme righthand position shown in Fig. 7. A second spring 37 surrounds the first and bears against the rim of the secondary piston, and thereby forces this piston also to its extreme right-hand position, that shown in Fig. 7. The spring 37 has a contributing effect toward forcing the extreme position. r The operation of the devicel'sas follows:

primary piston into itsl h t f f vice to drop, resulting in a collapse -of the Air pressure applied at the right-hand end of the valve member will force the two pistons to the left until they arrive .in the position where a state of` balance is reached between the pressure' of the air and the opposing pressure of the two springs. l/Vhen this position is reached the lwall of the secondary piston has closed an opening 38 in the cylinder wall, so that the only outlet for the air whichenters the interior of the valve through Vthe opening 31 is the passage 26 ,leading into the extensible air chamber.

The parts will .now remain stationary in the position of Fig. 8 for an interval while the pressure builds up in the partscommunicating with the interior of the valve, owing to the leakage of the air through the opening 31. Eventually a condition will arise Where the air and spring pressures vbecome so nearly balanced that the springs will again take effect and the two pistons will progress together to the right for ashort distance. At this stage the further return of the sec,- ondary piston is preventedby means of a latch mounted on the end of a stationary spring arm 39, to 'the end of which issecured a-spring comprising two-arms 40 and sol 41 bent at a slight angle to each other said spring latch being adapted to tilt with respect to the spring arm. lThe end 'of the arm A/10 is forced into and engages a groove 42 in the extreme lert-hand end of the secondary piston, thus momentarily checking its progress, but. permitting the primary piston to continue its travel tothe' right as shown in Fig. 10, the right-hand -endof the arm 41 meanwhile bearing against the inner wall of the 'primary piston and aiding the l resiliencyvof the latch structure to keep the arm() in engagement with the groove of During this operthe secondary piston. Y ation it will Ibe noted that the outlet passage 38 is still closed by the secondary piston and that therefore there is no outlet for the air which enters the valve throughv the passage 31, and that the pressure is conn '-stantly rising, with a tendency to reach the A maximum limit fixed by the pressure in the supply' pipe 14. As the pressure continues to rise within the valve and its associated parte, 4the spring 34 will continue to act withv greater and greater effect, finally forcing the primary piston into the lposition shown in Fig. 11. reached the end of the arm 41 of the latch will be'forced into the space between the two pistons as shown in Fig. 11 and the arm 40 will therefore tilt downward and release the secondary piston, which will .immediately lbe forced to the right by the When this stage is' action of the spring 37. This will suddenly l sure within the Valve and the milki'ng'de` resilient parts of the milking device and open the exhaust port and permit the presas already described, this operation being repeated at regularl and definite intervals, which Atime element is dependent upon the sizeof the openings 31 and 38 and the force of the two springs.

In Fig. 13 I have shown means for attaching the device to the cow, comprising a belt or strap 43 carrying at its extremities hooks 44 engaging the slotted members 45 secured ,to the exterior of the milk pail.

In Figs. 14 and l5 I- have shown a modification in the' adjusting device for the in' di-vidual milking units with respect to each other and the cover ot' the pail. In this case each of the units is secured to a slotted bar 46 through which passes a central bolt 47,

an adjusting nut or clamp 48 being provided for locking the units in proper position after they have been adjusted in place. In order to permit this form of adjustment I further modify thev connection between the individual units and the supply pipe which is shown in detail in Figs. 16, 17 and 18. In

this type the supply pipe has the form of a ring 49 in communication with the valve structure. From this ring branch radially disposed service pipes 50 upon each of which isslidably mounted a resilient union 51 forming an air-tight joint therewith but permitting each unit to be adjusted as above described in a radial direction with relation to the ring. The milking unit is essentially the same in this type, with the exception that the eXpansible air chamber is secured in place by means ot a spring ring 52 which forces a portion of this chamber into an annular groove 53 in the wall ot the outside ring. The operation of the device, successive lpositions of which are shown in Fig. 17, is not ai'ected by this change.

In Figs. 1f) to 25 inclusive are illustrated further modifications ot' the. valye which are adapted to be used with either type of milking unitand adjusting mechanism hitlierto described. This valve structure .A comprises a piston 54 sliding within the chamber formed by-the cylinder' 55 mounted upon i the 'supply upipe 56 and having a head 57 through which is a passage 58 1n communication with the milking device.V yThe piston 59 closely fitting within comprises a rin y a head 60 mounted upon the cylinder, an

'the ring adjacent to the supply pipe.

Throughpthis head is a passage Glwhose effective opening is controlled by means-ot a flap valve 62. A spring 63 tends to force the piston toward the supply pipe into the position shown in Fig. 19, where the piston engages the end of the supply'pipe and .respect to the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 19, 'the end of the arm being sharply inclined inwardly at 67 and carrying at its extremity a hook 68 which engages the wall 57 when the piston is in its extreme right-hand position, /Thearm is received within a slot 69 in the wall 57.. The Operation ot' this device is as follows: Upon air pressure being supplied through the supply pipe 56, the piston will be forced into its extreme left-hand position, the inclined end of the spring arm rising within the slot 69. As a result of the' progress o,t` the piston within the cylinder, the exhaust ports will no longer register and .all communicationr from the interior of the valve and its'associated parts will be cut oit except through the passage '61. This will result in a gradual rise of the pressure within the valve and its parts, including the milking devices, until eventually a state of balance arises just as in the forms already described, so that the spring 63 has an opportunity to act against the pressure and again Jforce the piston toward its righthand position. 'Through a considerable portion of this travel the spring arm will have no eiect, merely bearing in a horizontal posit-ion upon the wall of its groove as shown in Fig. 22.' When, however, the piston gets near to its extreme position adjacent to the supply pipe, such that the ports begin to register and a slight'exhaust opening is afforded, the pressure acting upon .the interior of the piston head 54 will suddenly drop and the state ot'balance be so reduced that the piston will not act to return to the extreme end of its travel unless some auxiliary means are employed. These means eX- ist in the form of the upturned end 67 of the spring arm, which at this juncture presses down upon the wall of the groove in which t-he arm slides and furnishes a strong component acting t-o force the piston to the .right and causing it, with the aid of the spring G3 to return with a snap to -the right-hand end otvits travel. This cycle will be repeated indefinitely with the same effect upon the milking device as that produced by the form already described.

Figs..23, 24 and 25' show'avmodication of this last type in which the air from the supply pipe 56 passes through aipassage 70 controlledby flapvalve 71 and directly intov ils causing a gradual increase in pressure therein. r1`his increase, however, acts upon the piston 73 sli'dably mounted within the cylinder 74: which is angularly offset from the supply and distributing pipes, vand causes the piston to be forcedv downward into the offset pipe against the force of thev spring 75 and the spring arm 7G, which in function and mode of operation correspond identically with the similar parts iii` the modification shown in Figs. 19 to 22 inclusive, with the exception that the springb arm is stationary and its groove a part of the piston instead of vice-versa. As the pressure mounts within the valve land the distributingsystem, the piston will reef-li a point such that the exhaust port 77 will register with the port -78 in the wall of its cylinder, affording a passage to the open air, so that the pressure within the distributing system will immediately fall substantially to atmospheric. The detailed operations with this type will be obvious from the description of the preceding types, the spring arm having the same auxiliary .effect as in the preceding forms. f

In Fig. 26 I have shown a modification of the valve structure iir'st described'which differs from the preceding only in the manner in which it affords adjustment of the milking units with respect to the distributingpipe. `In this form the barrel or cylinder 23 is provided with internal right and lefthand threads which engage the threads 80 and ,8l upon the opposite cylinderheads,

-1. In a milking device, a teat encircling member having a pliable inner. ring, a rigid outer ring, substantially'concentric'therewith,'a resilient 'st-ri secnredjnear one extremity between sai frings, and expansible fluid pressure operated means interposed betweensaid strip and outer ring.

2. Ina milking device, a teilt-'encircling member having a pliable inner ring, a rigid outer ring substantially concentric ptherewith, a pair ofoppositely disposed resilient strips secured -near one. extremity between said rings and expansible fluid pressure op erated means interposed between said strips and outer rin Y In' a milIring device, a teat encirclin member having apliablev inner ring, a rigi outer ring, two pairs of symmetrically disposed resilient strips secured near one extremity between said rings and expansible fluid pressureoperated means interposed between said strip and outer ring. c

4. A fluid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including means for introducing pressure `gradually into a milking unit, andA means controlled by the consequent rise in pressure Within said unit lfor releasing said pressure when a desired maximum is reached.

5. A fluid pressure' controlling means for,

milking machines, including means for introducing pressure gradually into a milking unit, means initially operated by said pressure for Storing energy'in opposition thereto and means for releasing the pressure Within the unit at a lfaster rate than that of admission, said means beingl operated by said stored energy when an approximate state of balance between the internal and external pressures is reached.

6. A fluid pressure controlling means for milkingy machines, including means y`for introducing pressure gradually into a milking unit, means initially operated by'said pressure-for storing energy in opposition thereto, means tending to release the pressure within said unit at a faster rate than that of admission, and auxiliary means for completl ing the cycle of operation of said parts said releasing and auxiliary means being operated by said stored energy when an approximate state of balance betweenthe internal and external pressures is reached.

7. A Huid pressure controlling means for milkingmachines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with `a milking unit and a source of fluid ressure, a piston adapted to reciprocate within said. cylinder its f and having a constricted passage affording..

ommunication between the source of pressure and the milking device, yieldable means opposing the travel of said piston when urged by said pressure, and an exhaust port for tliemilking unit in said cylinder no ry mally open but adapted to be closed by said ypiston when the latter is forced by said external pressure against said yieldable means. 8. A iuid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including i a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit 'and a source of iiuid pressure, a piston adapted'fto reciprocate within said cylinder andfliaving a' constricted passage aHording communication between the source of pressureand themilking device, yieldable means opposing the travel offsaid' piston when urged `by said pressure, and an exhaust port for the milking .unit in asaid cylinder normally affording communication between .said milking'` unit and the atmosphere and Iadaptento beclosedfby said piston when the latte' vis forceli against the actioirof said yieldable means by said external pressure, said yieldable means acting to cause the return of said piston to its initial position when an approximate .state of balance is reached between the internal and external pressures and thereby open said exhaust port.

9. A fiuid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milkingunit and a source of fiuid pressure, a piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and having a constricted passage aiiording communication between the source of pressure and the milking device, yieldable means opposing" the 'travel of said .piston when urged by said pressure, an exhaust port for -the milking unit in said cylinder normally affording' communicationbetween said milking unit and the atmosphere and adapted to be closed by said piston when the latter is forced against the action 'of said yieldable means by said externalpressure, said yieldable means tending to cause the return of said piston to its initial position when an ap- Iproximate state of balance is reached between the internal and external pressures and thereby open said 'exhaust port,'and auxil'iary means for completing the functioning of said piston.

10. A fluid pressure controliling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between saidprimary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an

` exhaust port-for the milking unitin said cylinde'r normally open, adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit, yieldable means opposingthe travel of said primaryv piston in the direct-ion of said unit and yieldable means for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction;

'11. A fluidpressure controlling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for the milking unit in said cylinder normally open, adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit, yieldable means -opposing the travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldable means for opposing the travelof said secondary piston in the same direction and means for port.

delaying the travel of said secondary piston away from said unit.

12. A fluid pressure' controlling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and having a contricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said'milking unit and` having a. passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for the milking y i: and a source of fiuid pressure, a primary -piston .adapted to reciprocate Within said cylinder and having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston withinsaid cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust portor the milking unit in said cylinder normally open, adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit, yieldable means opposing the travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldable' means for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction and means for delaying the travel of said'secondary piston away from said unit until the primary piston has reached a definite point in its travel, said secondary piston while thus delayed acting to close said exhaust 14. A .fluid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a s ource of fluid pressure, a primary,

piston adapted to reciprocate within saidy cylinderand having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary ,piston within said cylinder interposed between said priinary piston and said milking unit and having apassage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for the milking unit in said cylinder normally open, adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit, yieldable ,means opposing the travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldab'le ineansfor opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction and means for delaying the travel of said secondary piston away from said unit, saiddelaying means acting also to hold said primary piston in fixed position after the release of the secondary piston.

l5. A fluid pressure, controlling means for vmilking machines, `including a cylinder 4adapted vto communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cyl-v inder and having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary .piston within said cylinder interposed bet-Ween said primary piston and said milking unit and having apassage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for t-he milking unit in said cylinder normally open, adapted to'be closedl by the movement of said secondary `piston toward said unit,"yieldable means opposing the travel of said primary ,piston in the direction of said unit, yield- -able means for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction, and a latch for'holding said secondary piston in fixed position to cover said exhaust port until the primary piston has reached av definite stage in its travel. y

.16. A fluid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including .a cylinder adapted to communicate with al milking unit and a vsource of fluid pressure,l a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and havinga constricted passage g "longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston within saidv cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for the milking unitin said cylinder normally open, adapted to be closed bythe movement of said secondary piston toward said unit, yieldable means opposingthe travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldable .means for opposing the travel of said secondarypiston in the same direction and a tilting spring latch for engaging the secondary piston and holding the same in fixed position to cover saidex'haust port until the rimarypiston has reached a definite stage 1n its travel.

g 1 7. A fluid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including` a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit anda source of -iiuid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder' and having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough,

lso

a secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally p therethrough, an exhaust port for the milk- Vilg unit in said cylinder normally open, a a

pted to be closed by the movement of -said secondary piston toward said unit,

yieldable means opppsingt-he travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldable means for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction, and a tilting spring latch for engaging the secondary piston and holding the same in xed position to cover the exhaust port.

until the primary piston has reached a'definite stage in its travel, then adapted to engage said primary piston and lock the same in fixed position until the exhaust port is opened by t-he lfurther travel of the sec-` onday piston.

18. A Huid pressure controllmg means for milkingmachines, including -a cylinder" adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, a primary piston adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and-having a constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between said primary piston andsaid milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust port for the milking unit in said cylinder normally` open, adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit,

' yieldable means opposing the travel of said primary piston in the direction of said unit, yieldablemeans for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction, and a Atilting spring latch comprising an arm fixed to a stationary ortion of said device and having mounte. upon its free extremity angularly disposed arms adapted to tilt about the free end of said arm and lock the secondary piston in fixed positionf to cover the exhaust'port until the primary piston has reached a definite stage in its travel. t

19. A fluid pressure controlling means for milking'l machines, including a cylinder adapted to communicate with a milking unit and a source of fluid pressure, la primary piston ada ted t'o reciprocate within said cylinder. an havinga constricted passage longitudinally therethrough, a' secondary piston within said cylinder interposed between said primary piston and said milking unit and having a passage longitudinally therethrough, an exhaust vport forv the milking unit in said cylinder normally open adapted to be closed bylfthe movement of the exhaust port until the primary piston has reacheda definite stage in its travel,

and to'lock the primary piston fixed posi' tion at that stage until the secondary piston opens the exhaust port;

20. A fluid pressure controlling means for milking machines, including a cylinder adapted to Communicate with a milking unitand a source of fluid pressure, aA primary.

adapted to be closed by the movement of said secondary piston toward said unit', yleldable means opposing the travel o' said primary piston 1n the direction of said unit,

- primary piston;

yieldahle means for opposing the travel of said secondary piston in the same direction, an abutment upon said secondary piston, a spring arm having one etremity mounted on a fixed part of the device and-having mounted upon its free extremity yieldable angularly disposed arms adapted to tilt about said free end and normally tending to cling the. interior of said' cylinder wall, one of said tilting arms being adapted to engage said abutment and hold the secondary cylinder in fixed position to cover the exhaust port so long as the other of said tilting arms bears against the Wall of said CHAMPION H. J UDSON. 'QWitnessesf A GERALD E. TERWILLIGER, KARL S. DErrz.

@apples of this patent may be -ohtainerl for five cents leach, byaddressing th Gommissioner of Patents,

Waehingten. D. G. 

